Urmia lake pdf download

It is less costly and more practical to save the habitat. This basin, which is one of the urmia lake subbasins, has been affected by intense agricultural area expansion representative of entire urmia lake basin. Pdf generation the coastline map for urmia lake by tm and. It is the largest lake in the middle east and the third largest salt lake in the world. We considered the long term data series of precipitation, temperature and evaporation in monthly and yearly scales in order to compare to waterlevel values of urmia lake. Was once the second largest hyper saline lake in the world. Brief early warning, emerging issues and futures lake.

Changes in irrigated land and agricultural water use in the lake urmia basin. A machine learning approach article pdf available october 2019 with 84 reads. Climate variability and anthropogenic effects on lake. Climate variations and anthropogenic impacts could be two main affiliated factors in this regard. Hydrogeochemistry of seasonal variation of urmia salt lake. As a closed basin lake, its water levels fluctuate with changes in rainfall. Lake urmia or ormiyeh is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world and the habitat of a unique bisexual artemia species a. In the course of screening halophilic bacteria in urmia lake in iran, which is being threatened by dryness, a novel gramnegative, moderately halophilic, heterotrophic and short rodshaped bacteria was isolated and characterized. Climate change or irrigated agriculture what drives the. Urmia lake, the second largest hypersaline lake of the world, has experienced lack of water and other environmental issues in recent years. Lake urmia has been drying up for years now, with an annual evaporation rate of 0. Brief early warning, emerging issues and futures science diision world bank, 2017 what are the findings.

The lake has retreated by 60% and theres a real threat that it could disappear entirely, with only 5% of the waters remaining today. The outcome of the svm based models are compared with the nwn. Lake urmia is located in the northwest of iran, and is the thirdlargest hypersaline lake worldwide garousi et al. City in northwestern iran on the shore of the lake of the same name. Biodiversity of the hypersaline urmia lake national park. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf estimating water level in the urmia lake using satellite data. Irans lake urmia was once the secondlargest saltwater lake in the world, covering more than 2,000 square miles at its deepest in the 1990s.

Like the dead sea, it is remarkable for the extreme salinity of its waters. Lake urmia, the second largest hypersaline lake by area in the world, has fluctuated in salinity over time, but in recent years, it has reached a maximum of 340 gl. Fish were fed with experimental diet containing 0, 5 and 10 g xos kg. Pdf this study aimed to evaluate exposure to pm10 related to traffic and released by drying of urmia lake and impacts on human health in northwest of. Lake urmia is a salt lake in the mountains of northwest iran. Jan 14, 2020 lake urmia is an endorheic lake located in northwest of iran fig. Zandevakili s, ranjbar m, ehteshamzadeh m 2014 recovery of lithium from urmia lake by a nanostructure mno2 ion sieve. At its greatest extent, it was the largest lake in the middle east and the sixthlargest. This could have been caused by climate change or other anthropogenic effects. The area of this lake in the summer of 2015 was about six thousand square kilometers that was located in the row of 25 th biggest lake of the world. Lake urmia burning issues free pdf the dramatic decline of irans lake urmiaonce the secondlargest hypersaline lake in the worldhas both direct human and climatic causes, according to a new study published in the journal of great lakes research. It is very saline with total dissolved salts reaching 200 gl compared with a normal seawater salinity of about 35 gl. Urmia lake in northwest of iran, through the recent years has been extremely faced with the water crisis. Jan 23, 2015 lake urmia, iran 19722014 the results of this investigation, which recently appeared in the journal of great lakes research, revealed that in september 2014 the lakes surface area was about 12.

Lake urmia is located between east and west azerbaijan provinces in northwest iran and is home to 120 islands. Employment in agriculture as a percentage of total employment stands at 19. The dramatic decline of irans lake urmiaonce the secondlargest hypersaline lake in the worldhas both direct human and climatic causes, according to a new study published in the journal of great lakes research. Lake urmia is the largest lake in the middle east and the second largest salt lake on earth. Water only enters lake urmia via rainfall and runoff from rivers flowing into it. Urmia lake water level fluctuation hydro informatics. May 16, 2007 lake urmia or ormiyeh is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world and the habitat of a unique bisexual artemia species a. The citys inhabitants are predominantly azerbaijanis who speak the azerbaijani language. With an average original surface area of about 5,000 km 2 it is. The proposed model predicts that by 2015, the water level of urmia lake will fall below 1269 m, and by 2030, the lake will dry out completely. Lake urmia, one of the worlds largest salt lakes, lies to the east of the city, and the mountainous turkish border area lies to the west. Irans lake urmia in pictures world news the guardian.

Colonies were found to be creamy yellow, with catalase and oxidase. State duties assigned for urmia lake revival financial tribune. Urmia lake, located in northwestern iran, is an oligotrophic lake of thalassohaline origin with a total surface area between 4750 and 6100 km 2 and a maximum depth of 16 m at an altitude of 1250 m. Evaluation of diketype causeway impacts on the flow and. Urmia lake, with a surface area between 4000 to 6000 km2, is a hypersaline lake located in northwest iran. The lake is located between the provinces of east azerbaijan and west azerbaijan in iran, and west of the southern portion of the caspian sea. Lake urmia or orumiyeh ramsar sites information service. However, in the early 1930s, it was called lake rezaiyeh after reza shah pahlavi. Mooring system design and optimization for floating bridge. Urmia lake, located in northwestern iran, is an oligotrophic lake. Variations of the lake area and volume between 1965 and 2011 were examined using the developed val equations.

The lake is the main habitat for the endemic iranian brine shrimp, artemia urmiana, and is a protected aquatic environment. Apr 26, 2016 this lake is only 5% the size of urmia lake. Interaction of groundwater with lake urmia in iran. Despite this, and several other values of the lake, little literature on it has been published.

Lake urmia, along with its once approximately 102 islands, are protected as a national park by the iranian department of environment. Selective adsorption of lithium ions from urmia lake onto. It is known by its nicknames as the cradle of water and paris of iran. Lake urmia in iran is another closed basin lake that has been shrinking. A comparative study on the effect of different salinities on the survival, growth, life span and morphometric characteristics cyst of two parthenogenetic species of artemia gaav khooni wetlands of isfahan, ponds around lake urmia from iran. Lake urmia east azerbaijan province, iran atlas obscura. Saving irans precious lake urmia scientific american blog. Iran should negotiate with azerbaijan on araz river minister.

Lake urmia is an endorheic lake located in northwest of iran fig. Sediment source fingerprinting of the lake urmia sand dunes. The oldest park in urmia, called parke saat, was established in the first pahlavis era. Urmia lake is the biggest and the hyper saline lake in iran. To restore urmia lake to a level to maintain ecological benefits. At its greatest extent, it was the largest lake in the middle east and the sixthlargest saltwater lake on earth, with a surface area of. Other forms of life include several species of algae, bacteria, microfungi, plants, birds. It has 102 islands and it maximum depth is 16m 52 ft. Lake urmia is a salt lake in northwestern iran near irans border with turkey. It is the saltiest large lake in the world that supports life. Thus, the shrinkage of water level in lake urmia could be expected to accelerate with the drastic use of groundwater, which will be a disaster with no return. The average and maximum depths of the lake are 5 and 16 m, respectively alesheikh et al. Urmia lake national park is the home of an almost endemic crustacean species known as the brine shrimp, artemia urmiana. Barbus urmianus a new species from urmia lake basin, iran teleostei.

Autocorrelation function graph of weekly a and monthly b measured urmia lake level for n4 of data. Geologically the lake basin is considered to be a graben of tectonic origin. The images below, captured by the by the operational land imager oli on landsat 8 on april 20 and july 9, 2016, show part of the causeway before and after the lake s color changed. The lake is fed by rainfall, springs and streams and subject to seasonal variation in level and salinity. Lake urmia, the second largest hypersaline lake by area in the world, has fluctuated in salinity over time, but in recent years, it has reached a maximum of 340 gl the lake is the main habitat. In addition, by using normal transformation, urmia lake water level time series u l wl ts as weekly and monthly are normalized. If we were to use the same measures, it would take hundreds of billions of dollars. Sustainability assessment of restoration plans under climate. At the 2012 census, its population was 667,499, with 197,749 households. The study area was the western part of urmia lake basin, which lies in the coverage of path 169row 34 of landsat 8 satellite images.

The study area covers urmia lake, the primary irrigated agricultural area of urmia, some other minor irrigated agricultural areas, and a wide rainfed wheat agriculture or rangelands spread over the hillside, and mountainous region extending till the western. The results of svm model performs better than nwn and offered a practical solu tion to the problem of water level fluctuation predictions. The construction of a causeway, which was initiated in 1979 but then abandoned until the early 2000s, is near completion and will provide road access between. Climate, human influence conspired in lake urmias decline. There are also minorities of kurds, persians, assyrians, and armenians. While lake urmia has shifted from green to red and back several times in recent years, trends suggest that a red urmia could become increasingly common. Changes in area of lake urmia from october 1972 to august 2014, derived from landsat imagery. May 07, 2017 urmia lake is the name of the lake in the south west of iran country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of xylooligosaccharide xos on growth performance, haemato. Urmia lake, located in a closed basin in northwest iran, is the largest lake 50006000 km2 in the middle east. Largescale climate variability controls on climate. Lake urmia, the second largest hypersaline lake on earth, has recently experienced a dramatic waterlevel reduction. The study was the first to compare the relative impact of climate and water management on the water flowing into the.

Mooring system design and optimization for floating bridge of urmia lake. Pdf barbus urmianus a new species from urmia lake basin. Nov 10, 2016 the dramatic decline of irans lake urmiaonce the secondlargest hypersaline lake in the worldhas both direct human and climatic causes, according to a new study published in the journal of. Lake urmia in the northwestern corner of iran is one of the largest permanent hypersaline lakes in the world and the largest lake in the middle east 1,2,3. Registered as a biosphere reserve by unesco and listed as a wetland of international importance under the 1971 ramsar convention, lake urmia accommodates one of the. Modeling and remote sensing of water storage change in lake urmia basin, iran by suyog chaudhari lake urmia, the second largest saline lake in the world, is on the verge of drying up completely and creating a massive environmental disaster in the region.

The lake is divided into north and south parts separated by a causeway in which a 1500m gap provides little exchange of water between the two parts. Changes in irrigated land and agricultural water use in. Urmia is the capital of west azerbaijan province, in the azerbaijan region of iran, near the turkish and iraqi borders. The lake watershed area is 52,000 km 2, and has an elevation range from 1256 to 3720 m. Environment protection bureau of west azarbayjan province, vols. Agricultural water use agriculture is important to the economy around lake urmia. Over the last decade, as soon as the lake urmia started drying up, sand dune fields were appeared through the western shores of the lakes bed retreat, covering an area of 2000 ha and a. Using satellite data to extract volumeareaelevation. Socioenvironmental impacts of irans disappearing lake urmia. Saving irans precious lake urmia scientific american.

The construction of a causeway, which was initiated in 1979 but then abandoned until the early 2000s, is near completion and will provide road access. The images below, captured by the by the operational land imager oli on landsat 8 on april 20 and july 9, 2016, show part of the causeway before and after the lakes color changed. During the summer months of 2011, the fact was brought to the agenda that lake urmia, the third largest saltwater lake on continue january 26, 20. Environmental impacts of desalination on the ecology of. Continuous declines in water flowing into the lake have caused a general decline in its surface area since 1995. Urmia has many parks and touristic coastal villages on the shore of urmia lake. It is approximately 140 km long in a northsouth direction and about 85 km wide in its eastwest extension with a surface area of 5,000 to 6,000 km 2. Lake urmia islamic republic of iran the boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by. An interaction between the lake and the groundwater storage is clearly seen from the analysis to conclude that groundwater has a potential to recharge the lake. Urmi gol from the town of urmia, situated near its western shore, but is also known as the deryacheh i shahi and shahi gol. Results indicated that the lake area and volume have declined from the historical maximum values by 2200 km 2 and 33 km 3, respectively. Up structure in the eslami peninsula, lake urmia, northwestern iran. Urmia lake, largest lake in the middle east and the sixthlargest saltwater lake on earth, has shrunk dramatically in the last two decades mainly because of the increasing agricultural water consumption in the basin 16,17,18.

A generalized linear stochastic model for lake level. Hesami and amini demonstrated that the total irrigated area in the basin increased by 20% between 1989 and 2000 and the water use change in the area. A study for the establishment of natural park on the islands of urmia lake. Base on the country division of iran this lake is located in between two east azerbaijan and west azerbaijan provinces. Currently, the lake is named after the provincial capital city of urmia, originally an assyrian name meaning puddle of water. Estimating evapotranspiration using metric model and landsat. It extends as much as 140 km from north to south and is as wide as 85 km east to west during high water periods 4.

Though it was once the largest lake in the middle east and the sixthlargest salt. Metric and wapor estimates of evapotranspiration over the. The lake shores also give home to 41 reptiles, 7 amphibians and 27 different species of deer. Lake urmia, lake in northwestern iran that is the largest lake in the middle east. Lake urmia, iran 19722014 the results of this investigation, which recently appeared in the journal of great lakes research, revealed that in september 2014 the lake s surface area was about 12. The lake is between the iranian provinces of east azerbaijan and west azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped caspian sea. The urmia lake, the second saltiest lake in the world. State organizations were tasked with duties to revive the troubled urmia lake, located between east and west azarbaijan provinces, by first vice president eshaq jahangiri at a meeting on tuesday. Proceedings of the asme 2002 21st international conference on offshore mechanics and arctic engineering. The city is the trading center for a fertile agricultural region where fruits especially apples and. Revival of irans lake urmia download pdf upsciq magazine 2019. Efforts have been made by the iranian government to enhance the diversity of its. The case study is the urmia lake basin which is a closed drainage basin with an approximate area of 52,000 km 2 in the northwest of iran.

Ahmadi j, kahforoushan d, fatehifar e, zoroufchi benis k, nadjafi m. It is situated at an altitude of 1,330 metres 4,360 ft above sea level, and is located along the shahar chay river city river on the urmia plain. Urmia lake has been designated as an international park by the united nations. It is located 4,183 feet above sea level, lat 37 o to 38. With an average original surface area of about 5,000 km 2 it is one of the largest hypersaline lakes on earth 1, 2, 3. State organizations were tasked with duties to revive the troubled urmia lake, located between east and west azarbaijan provinces, by first vice president eshaq jahangiri at. The lake occupies a 5700 km2 depression in northwestern iran. Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide on growth and. In the urmia basin, intensive agriculture relies heavily on irrigation systems using riverfed irrigation canals and groundwatersupplied pressure systems, causing lake urmia to shrink in recent years.

A vast hypersaline lake with many islands, surrounded by extensive brackish marshes. The dramatic decline of irans lake urmia once the secondlargest hypersaline lake in the worldhas both direct human and climatic causes, according to a new study published in the journal of great lakes research. The bacterium was isolated from a water specimen and designated as tbz3t. Jun 11, 2019 urmia, lake of also spelt urumiah, a lake in northwestern persia, between 37 10 and 38 20 n. Barbus urmianus from the mahabadchai river in urmia lake. Urmia lake, water level, air pollution, health impacts citation. Journal of great lakes research 41 2015 307311 satellitebased gaugeadjusted climate record aghakouchak and. It covers an area that varies from 2,000 to 2,300 square miles 5,200 to 6,000 square km. Lake urmia is situated between the east azerbaijan and west azerbaijan provinces of iran.